Sneaking Out: a Personal Memoir

It wasn’t the first time I had felt that crisp breeze hit my face. I closed the door behind me hoping my parents wouldn’t hear it squeak as it sealed off my family room. I took a deep breath in letting the adrenaline run through me, and letting out the anxiety of getting caught. What would happen if they had? I have only been grounded once my whole life and that was when I was five years old. I’m not saying there wouldn’t be any repercussions but nothing more severe than a warning to be careful, but neither parent would say â€Å"You are forbidden to sneak out of this house. I hoped my dogs hadn’t woken from their snoring slumber. I imagined Lincoln clamoring down the stairs, his collar jingling, to investigate the disturbance.It didn’t matter the consequences, my parents knew I was a responsible young adult. I heard Drew’s mustang coming down the street and I stepped off the old deck. The anticipation of getting away with this mischi evous act was enough to propel me over the fence. Drew and Randall were waiting in the cul-de-sac, the car’s engine purring me from the side yard and into the backseat. â€Å"Will your parents wake up? Drew asked, I replied with a shake of my head no, and he drove the speed limit back to his house. Even though it was just a mile down the road I was too scared to walk there in the dark by myself. I let the wind hit my face and the music hit my mind and enjoyed the presence of two guys who don’t care when I wear my glasses, men’s boxers, and look like a wreck. Drew’s garage was open as we pulled into the driveway, with three chairs lined up waiting for us. Drew and Randall smoked their cigarettes and talked about fast cars, races, and other automotive topics.I pretend I’m listening, but I tuned them out the moment my legs stuck to the black leather. Yes, I liked spending time with them, and that’s why I always called them up, but sneaking out had become so much more for me. Sneaking out was sitting in a garage and just letting my mind wander. It was Nothing crazy like TPing someone’s house, drinking, or a chance for me to be a crazy rebel. It was more than just â€Å"fun†, it was that adrenaline rush, the anticipation of getting caught, and a retreat for my over worked mind.On this particular night Randall and Drew were hungry for some â€Å"4th meal. † I being a Taco Bell virgin just went along for the ride. We drove along, and after seeing the fast food restaurants down Main Street, my tummy started rumbling. We pulled into Taco Bell’s drive through. The boys were anticipating some greasy delicious food. By this point I was too. I was advised to go with something original. I chose to get two soft tacos with lettuce. It was one of the best life decisions I had made. The juicy meat and melted cheese had my taste buds yearning for more.Randall and Drew will forever be credited for taking my Ta co Bell virginity. None of us wanted to go to sleep after our glorious food rendezvous. Instead we went to a local park to relive our childhood moments on the swings and playground. Drew pulled in, and I dashed to my favorite swing. It was the best because it was in the middle, never squeaked and I always thought it was longer than the others, giving me the most height. I realized now that it was the same length, but somehow I always flew higher.The swings, like sitting in the garage and driving around, let the world fall away. I pumped my legs harder and harder all three of us making the swing set jump a little out of the ground. I threw off my sandals allowing the wind between my toes. When it came to hopping off the swing, I landed farthest away from the play- set. After we relished our memories, we all calmly swung and talked about cars and the girls in their lives. They asked for my advice on what a romantic date would be and about boys in my life, I said â€Å"nothing, really . That was one component of my life that I didn’t want to think about didn’t matter. After about an hour and a few cop look – a – likes we headed back home. Drew dropped me off, and asked, â€Å"Do you want to come again tomorrow? † I answered sarcastically, â€Å"Is that even a real question? † As I snaked back through my side yard I relived the past few hours over and over again in my head. I relished the moments of laughter, complete confusion, and successfully not getting caught.After many nights like that one I realized that â€Å"sneaking out† has a negative reputation. Yes, some teens decide to do stupid things that could end very badly. But, why did they sneak out in the first place? They, like me, wanted to escape, wanted to feel that adrenaline pumping through their veins and the wind in their hair. Now in college, I don’t really have to sneak, but just go. Though â€Å"the guys† aren’t here with me, and there are no swings or cars to drive, walking around seems to satisfy any craving for private reflecting.Sometimes I walk with another person, other times it’s just me. It’s not necessarily, what I’m doing or who I’m with as long as I get to reflect on my life and let myself de- stress and relax. Then again, that’s all sneaking out has ever really been, not a rebellious act, but a therapeutic session. subject of the paper is your personal memory, not anyone else’s not about anything else, it is only about you sneaking out how you felt, why, who with. Self: this is not about history, this is about story. Extraordinary not boring. Smithmag. net/sixwords

Life of Immigrant Women in 19th Century America Essay

The United States of America is one of the most diverse countries in the entire world. It has gained diversity not merely through race, but through religion, ethnic background, and through the ever-dynamic shift of America. Some of the most dramatic and rapid changes occurred in the late nineteenth century following the Civil War. As the United States began to industrialize, wave upon wave of immigrants poured into the country’s borders in search of religious, political, or, more often than not, economic freedom. To the outside world, the United States began to be seen as our Pledge of Allegiance suggests is: a land of the free. â€Å"’America is a free country’ one Polish immigrant stated†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢you don’t have to be a serf to anyone†¦freedom and prosperity are enjoyed by the people of the United States.’†1 Despite these immigrant hopes of freedom and prosperity, America was only just beginning to leave behind its roots of slavery; racism and prejudice were still in the air. While African-American men were being given their permission to vote, white women still struggled for that freedom. Immigrants faced dilemmas from some radical white women. â€Å"Feminists argued that native-born white women deserved the vote more than non-whites and immigrants.† 2 The struggles of being an immigrant were difficult enough, but to be a woman as well during that era was unlike any other barrier to freedom and inequality at the time. The novel Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska, an immigrant who lived during that era, discusses what life was like for her demographic during her time through the eyes of a Jewish immigrant girl. Immigrant women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century faced a slew of harrowing challenges as they faced a changing America. One of the biggest challenges that immigrant women had to face was exceedingly poor living conditions. Aside from being confined to very tight knit, ethnically uniform neighborhoods and communities3, many areas had landlords or landlord-esque figures set up to enforce strict living requirements which often limited higher quality housing in the immigrant  community and female demographic.4 In Bread Givers, Yezeriska’s character, Sara, experiences this dilemma. She grows up in a tenet fit possibly for a single person or possibly even a couple, and yet she lives with her mother, father, and three other sisters. On top of cramped living conditions, they do not appear to live in an area where access to cheap, safe food is available all the time.5 Later in the novel, an adult Sara is searching for a place to live with a room to herself. She struggles to find any place other than single rooms to share with two to four other women. She often finds herself facing rejection to open rooms. â€Å"’No girls,’ snapped this one, too. ‘Why no girls?’ I dared ask the skinny tsarina. ‘I want to keep the house clean. No cooking, no washing. Less trouble, less dirt, with men.’†6 When Sara finally does find a room, it is described as being a room very common to poor immigrants during that time. â€Å"It was a dark hole on the ground floor. The only window†¦was thick with black dust. The bed see-sawed†¦the mattress full of lumps and the sheets were shreds.† 7 These living conditions often created complications in the health and well-being of these immigrant women, and access to quality health care was rare for immigrant women. Sara’s mother falls ill in the novel and has no access to such care, ultimately leading to her demise.8 These poor living conditions, however, were not the only conflict immigrant women faced. Even when these women left home for work, conditions only worsened. Job opportunities for the immigrant woman in the United States during that era were remarkably limited. As the job market expanded, skilled labor became more desired and unskilled labor was left to the immigrants and women. These types of jobs came with low wages (some as low as $3 per week) long hours, and dangerous working conditions. Immigrant women were largely confined to low-wage factory jobs, while the job-market for native born white women expanded enormously. 9 In Bread Givers, Sara searches desperately and finds a job in a clothing factory, much like the factories who hired immigrant girls in reality, for five dollars a week. She describes the factory as small, congested, smelly, and filled with fumes with nearly no source of fresh air flow.10 A similar textile factory, The Triangle Shirtwaist Company, burst out in flames on March 25, 1911. The factory was located on the top three floors of a ten-story building in Greenwich Village  of New York City. As the fire spread, the young Jewish and Italian immigrant girls, some as young as 14, began to realize the doors to the stairwells were locked, as per usual in these factors, in order for the owner to prevent theft, â€Å"unauthorized bathroom breaks,† â€Å"outside distractions† to his employees. In the end, approximately 150 immigrant girls died in the fire, and some of the remaining survivors were arrested for forming a Union against these factories. 11 These inequalities towards immigrant women were prevalent all over the country, but especially in New York City, where a large portion of the immigrant community lived due to its proximity to Ellis Island and its high-volume of unskilled factory jobs. There were also barriers to immigrant women, however, on a smaller, more individualized scale: specific cultural practices. Women of all cultures, but especially poorer immigrant families, often had high-priority obligations in the home that prevented them from excelling in the world. While many native-born white women were privileged enough to grow up in school and go to college, get educations, and find skilled-labor careers, immigrant girls often had obligations forcing them to stay at home rather than seek an education, find a respectable job, and start their own family at a reasonable age. Taking into account the poor living conditions found in immigrant communities, as well as the lack of high wage employment and access to health care, women often had responsibilities to their families before pursuing their own lives. In Bread Givers, the meaning of the term â€Å"bread givers† was that Sara and her three sisters were obligated to give their earnings to the family, especially the father.12 Although not all immigrant families had patriarchal father figures who demanded all earnings for selfish reasons as the father in Yezierska’s novel did, the structure of income was very common to find in immigrant households. One of Sara’s sisters, Bessie, was the most crucial â€Å"bread giver† early in the story, and later on a man takes interest in her for a wife. â€Å"I like a plain home girl that knows how to help save the dollar, cook a good meal, and help in the shop. I think Bessie is just fitting for me.†13 This man takes interest her the same way most men would during that time. He sees her as a woman to uphold household responsibilities and help to save money instead of earn it on her own. Most of the daughters, except for Sara, end up marrying  men for the sake of bringing money into the house in order to support their parents.14 Finally, at the end of the story, the father begins to grow old and sick and it becomes the responsibility of the daughters to take him in and take care of him without question or hesitation.15 These were some of the specific cultural barriers that imposed on the individual freedoms of immigrant women in the United States. Anzia Yezierska, through her book Bread Givers, provided a very specific, yet realistic depiction of the challenges presented to immigrant women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century of America. The huge influx of immigrants, especially from southern and eastern Europe, between 1890 and 1914 created a drastically new dynamic in the changing United States. 16 This new dynamic presented countless challenges to immigrants and women alike including poor living conditions, limited job opportunities, and cultural barriers. As our country continues to progress, so will the challenges presented to each individual group, culture, and demographic; therefore, it is crucial to study these past experiences so we may learn to adapt and thrive in those conditions. Works Cited Foner, Eric . Give Me Liberty! – An American History, seagull 3e. 3rd. 2. New York, NY: W W Norton , 2012. 546-713. print. The Power and the People, episode 4 of New York: A Documentary Film, Steeplechase Films, 1999, PBS home video.  Yezierska, Anzia . Bread Givers, A Novel. New York, NY: Persea Books, INC, 2003. print.

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Article Summary - Essay Example The author herself says that she combines all these, incongruous at the first sight, painting styles and cultures trying to find the lost identity. Hayv Kahraman is twenty eight, she was born in Baghdad and she is very proud of being an Iraqi; at the age of ten she mowed to Sweden with all her family, then she started attending school at the Academy of Art and Design in Florence; Hayv studied graphic design, but displayed a great interest in classical arts. In the academy she met her future husband and together they moved to Arizona. For the first time Hayv Kahraman felt depressed and was so to say isolated from the world of Art so, she put all her energy into her pictures. Five of her works were bought by Charles Saatchi a lot of other pictures were displayed and sold during different exhibitions held in the Third Line gallery in Dubai and the New York gallery. The Kahraman’s recent works consolidated under the name â€Å"Domestic Marionettes† reflect the authors consi derations about the women’s life in the

Greenhouse gas effect and ways to stop them Term Paper

Greenhouse gas effect and ways to stop them - Term Paper Example This paper also seeks to suggest plausible ways on how to reduce GHG emission in order to diminish the impacts of global warming. Data from various sources revealed that the primordial effect of increased GHG is global warming, which is also implicated in changes in the pattern of precipitation and rainfall, sea water level, melting of glaciers, and animal and plant species composition and distribution. Several strategies to reduce GHG emissions are reforestation, proper waste disposal management, and the use of renewable energy such as water, solar energy and thermal energy to generate electricity instead of using fossil fuels. Introduction Greenhouse gases (GHGs), consisting primarily of water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are those gases that can absorb infrared radiation from the atmosphere. These gases are capable of trapping heat, resulting to warming of the earth’s surface (Snyder et al., 2009; Rea y and Hogan,2010). Greenhouse gas emission and the human activities associated with increasing GHG concentration in the atmosphere, is perhaps one of the most controversial issues worldwide yet to be resolved. In fact, it has been reported that since the industrial period, the concentration of these GHGs in the atmosphere has been constantly escalating (Krupa and Kickert, 1989; IPCC, 2011). A time-lapse carbon dioxide monitoring conducted by Muller et al. (2007) revealed that the present CO2 concentration in the troposphere is, by far, the highest level ever recorded during the last 670,000 years, making CO2 the most anthropogenically-driven GHG. Meanwhile, the total amount of atmospheric methane was revealed to have increased by as much as 15% at the end of the 18th century and almost tripled over the last 150 years. Although methane concentration is much less compared to that of CO2, Ramaswamy et al. (2001) reported that CH4 is actually 23 times more potent as a greenhouse gas in comparison to CO2. Ramaswamy and colleagues (2001) also provided evidence that nitrous oxide is even more effective per molecule as a GHG than CH4 and 296 times more potent than CO2. The presence of GHGs in the atmosphere accounts for the phenomenon known as greenhouse effect, so called because the mechanism by which it works is reminiscent to that of a greenhouse. Shown in Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the processes governing the greenhouse effect. As sunlight strikes the planet, radiant energy from the sun with short wavelengths is absorbed by the earth’s surface without being caught trapped in the atmosphere (Krupa and Kickert, 1989). As this energy is absorbed, it warms the earth’s surfaces and is then re-radiated back into the atmosphere at longer wavelengths. Once again, this long-wavelength energy is captured by GHGs in the atmosphere and is reflected in different directions. Energy directed upwards is released into space while energy directed downwards, wh ich accounts for 90% of the long-wavelength emission, goes back to the earth (Pidwirny, 2006). It must be noted, however, that the greenhouse effect is a naturally-occurring phenomenon. In fact, it makes the earth habitable (Krupa and Kickert, 1989).On the other hand, if GHGs in the atmosphere increase beyond the normal range of GHG levels, the greenhouse effect is enhanced, posing a great threat to all of earth’

Women in James Bon films from a feminist perspective Essay

Women in James Bon films from a feminist perspective - Essay Example Some of the Bond women and Bond female characters are now seen as more than sexual interest for the lead character, but as characters also toting guns, karate chops, heroism, and villainy (Garland, 2009). Still, Bond women are viewed in general by society as simply entertaining eye-candy. This paper shall present an analysis of women in James Bond films from a feminist perspective, using some of the thoughts laid out by feminist philosopher Luce Irigaray. An analysis of the evolution of these female roles shall also be evaluated, mostly determining how the perspectives have changes and how feminism has impacted on how these female roles have been portrayed in the films. According to Jenkins (2005), the James Bond films have a persistent appeal based on the fantasy world from its parade of attractive female Bond characters. Such distinct female roles are often crucial to the story being told including the overall feel of these films. Each Bond movie has numerous female characters who are usually meant to distract and also help Bond in his spy mission. More often than not, there is one distinct, strikingly beautiful and, svelte Bond girl who is presented as a potential love interest for Bond; she is usually cunning, and judging from the name she goes by (Pussy Galore, Honey Ryder, Holly Goodhead), also self-assured (Rubin, 2003). Bond girls have become a staple in Bond movies and the casting of such female role has often attracted major global attention, with the chosen female often gaining much media attention even before the films start to shoot (d’Abo and Cork, 2003). The dominant preference of the Western culture for the lead female charac ter in the Bond films to comply with such attractive and often sexist parameters have been viewed by feminists with much disdain (Carpenter, 2000). Through the many incarnations

How are Night Vision Devices Beneficial to Society Research Paper

How are Night Vision Devices Beneficial to Society - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that one of the filed that has solely relied in these devices is the military. Military has benefited on this technology close to a century. This has enabled them to perform most of their vital operations in the darkness. This paper declares that before the development of this technology the military carried out their main operations during the day. This technology of night vision devices was markedly enhanced with the advent of World War II. At this period, both Germany and Britain developed a basic infrared sniper. However, few of these innovations were used during this reign. This is because this basic apparatus only assisted in offering a perimeter defense. Additionally, they were extremely heavy and required continuous replenishing of power. This reduced their effectiveness and worth during this period. However, these challenges experienced at this time helped in development of improved technological materials. This led to the development of an advanced night vision technology. Most of the military leaders saw the usefulness of such technology beyond just operating under the cover of darkness. This potential existed in the use of night vision goggles, helmets and weapons that was to help armies o perate effectively under the cover of darkness. This meant that there was to be an improvement that would ensure there was no need of IR searchlight. This would ensure that the enemy could not detect the position of the soldier. (Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, n.d.). T

New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New York - Essay Example Beginning of 1920s and dawn of 1930s marked great advances in the history of the music history. Phonograph record converted into the fundamental method of disseminating music. Music industry who was so keen to discover various ways of making profit realized that the piano rolls, record and sheet music can all be merged together. However, jazz music appeared while all of the discoveries were made. Jazz was originally founded in New Orleans, early in 1900s. As the opportunities for employment increased, both white and black moved towards New Orleans. Most of the musicians were given opportunities to work in small dance halls, ballrooms and cabarets. (1) The early players of jazz mostly used to play as solo pianists or in small bands. Apart from marches and ragtime, it included all types of blues and popular dance music. Often, bands used to play in parades, funerals, picnics etc. However, ragtime and blues has before raised jazz and sustained to remain in the scenario alongside to it. It had also influences the style of jazz and provided important vehicles for its improvement. In New York, during 1920s, a variety of jazz musicians appeared on the scene. Though, at the time, the lead voices were using most responsible for stating melody such as horns and ensembles. Louis Armstrong, one of the biggest jazz musicians ever widened the range of the music. He was a dazzling improviser. Armstrong along with other musicians of his generation changed the layout of jazz by bringing soloist in front of the public. Although, in his recording groups therefore the hot seven or the hot five displayed that creativeness of jazz could go far beyond piece of music. Hence, he created some innovative melodies supported by the chords of the initial song. Louis Armstrong also established a standard for the jazz singers, not due to the alteration of melodies but also by improvising without lyrics

Discussion board forum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion board forum - Assignment Example The federal government offer aids to workers in states with high unemployment rates through Emergency unemployment compensation (EUC) (Asmundson). Unemployment befits makes the unemployed relax instead of searching for jobs. Lengthening their job search period increases burden on those who are working. This makes the employed lose morale, hence affects their productivity and the e onomic growth of the nation. The more workers stay out of their jobs, the more their skills become affected and their chances of remaining unemployed increases (Asmundson). This will eventually lead to a less skilled workforce hence affecting productivity of the nation. Currently, many states have depleted their insurance funds and are depending on the federal government for loans. In order to replenish their trust funds, the states will have to increase payroll takes hence increasing burden on the workers (Asmundson). Also makes it difficult for employers to hire more employees. Consequently, it will affect the economy of the state. For any commodities that people are willing to buy, there are people who will be willing to produce and sell. The firms usually depend on macro forecasters to determine the economic conditions in order to identify the demands. The companies then determine what to produce, the quantities as well as the pricings. Demand therefore drives the market since it regulates supply. In the case of Isaiah 44:15-17, the wood is in demand. The man needs to make an idol, which he worships. However, he also has other demands such as warming himself and baking bread for food. Because of the many demands, he uses the supply he gets to satisfy his needs Companies that manufacture cigarettes know the effects it poses to the health of its users. They also know that cigarettes smokers also pose a threat to the passive smokers around them. Despite the fact that they acknowledge smoking cause life-threatening

An Element of Literature Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Element of Literature - Research Paper Example otional experience of the characters or the events, the reader, regardless of their own experience, begins to understand what it meant to be living during a period of economic depression, what it felt like to be subordinated to a point where you didn’t even have control in your own home or to be relegated to eternal poverty and hopelessness because of the color of your skin. Ideas such as these can be found in many forms of literature. For example, William Blake’s poem â€Å"London†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"Story of an Hour† and Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Dreams Deferred† all center upon the theme of the shackled spirit and in all three, the authors show their audience what it feels like through the use of powerful imagery and simile. In â€Å"London†, Blake describes the way in which the human spirit had been shackled under economic despair in 1794, the year the poem was written. Traces of political unrest can be found in the poem as the scenes and sounds of a typical walk down the London streets are reported. The first lines of the poem, â€Å"A mark in every face I meet, / Marks of weakness, marks of woe† (3-4), provide the first hint that something is not right within the city. The signs of decay and desperation are seen in every face, suggesting that they are community-wide rather than the personal problems of just a few. This idea of community despair is reinforced in the second stanza as the speaker says, â€Å"In every cry of every man, / In every infant’s cry of fear, / In every voice, in every ban, / The mind-forged manacles I hear† (4-8). From the youngest to the oldest, Blake indicates everyone is suffering from this same sense of legal oppression (‘ban’ refers to new laws being posted), so they are suffering from something that is outside of their control. This is again reinforced in the third stanza when the speaker indicates that business is down, â€Å"How the chimney-sweepers cry† (9), money is scarce â€Å"Every blackening

Psychological Motives for Becoming a Terrorist Essay Example for Free

Psychological Motives for Becoming a Terrorist Essay Introduction Suicide bombing, a major terror strategy of terrorists is, if not the most, one of the most gruesome acts anybody can commit. It is outright crazy and stupid. One must be beside the normal to be entertaining such a thought in mind. Ironically, fanatics who have committed and attempted suicide bombings in the past, were deemed normal until the day when the execution of their ultimate plans were made public whether foiled or completed. People who are afflicted with mental disorder may, as other people, travel for the same reasons – vacation, visiting friends or relatives, business, recreation, and sometimes for religious or spiritual focus (Miller Zarcone, 1968). Others indeed may travel for reasons other than the normal – for reasons triggered by malformed mental state such as the men who carried out the 911 attack of the Twin Towers in New York. Along the 911 attack, suicide bombing through aircraft came to prominence resulting in the stirring of the awareness among the international public of the fact that the regular traveler might not be that â€Å"regular† anyway. It is probable that some of them are driven by excessive anger or motivated by utopic hope as taught in the communities wherein they have pledged their life allegiance (Silke, 2003). Just a few months ago, upon the return of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto to her home country, 124 were killed and 320 plus got injured as a result of another suicide bombing. The bomber threw grenades among crowds of people and afterwards blasted himself to death (CNN update, Oct.18, 2007). It’s difficult to think of sensible reasons why a sane person (if that person was ever considered sane by his colleagues) has committed such an act in the first place. To spend and expend one’s self for a noble cause is commendable only if they benefit people outside one’s own community. It’s never an ideal to advance a religion’s cause at the expense of the lives of other people. A suicide bomber is demented in that even in the logic of religion, all religions presupposed a benevolent god who is both powerful and loving. There must be distortions somewhere within the suicide bomber’s mind to have associated the act of delivering a bomb and acts of piety. Rationale of the argument ~Understanding mental health The majority of theories and models of human behavior fall into one of two basic categories: internal perspective and external perspective. The internal perspective considers the factors inside the person to understand behavior. People who subscribe to this view understand behavior as psychodynamically oriented. Behavior is explained in terms of the thoughts, feelings, past experiences and needs of the individual. The internal processes of thinking, feeling, perceiving and judging lead people to act in specific ways. This internal perspective implies that people are best understood from the inside and that people’s behavior is best interpreted after understanding their thoughts and feelings (Jourad, 1963). The other category of theories takes an external perspective. This focuses on factors outside the person to understand behavior. External events, consequences of behavior, environmental forces to which a person is subject, are emphasized by this external perspective. A person’s history, value system, feelings and thoughts are not very important in interpreting actions and behavior. Kurt Lewin for instance considered both perspectives in saying that behavior is a function of both the person and the environment (Tiffin, McCormick, 1958). Man is a social being and as such his personality is viewed from the society and culture where he belongs. A society represents a geographical aggregate and has boundaries, similar government or a group of persons in meaningful interaction and engaged in social relationship. Personality is the individualizing traits of man which constitute his singularity and differentiate him from any other human being. The three determinants of personality: 1] biological heritage which has direct influence on the development of personality. This includes musculature, the nervous system, and the glands; 2] E.Q. factor describes qualities like understanding one’s feelings, empathy for the feelings of others, and the â€Å"regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living (Gibbs, 1995);† 3] environmental factors. Taking everything normal, environment plays an important role in personality development. Environmental factors are cultural environment, social environment, home and family, culture, status and role and social agent. Many of men’s pronounced stirred-up state of mind such as fear, anger, disgust, and contempt, have posed the question, why? What has caused such a reaction? What has brought a change to his/her behavior? What is the frustration that has brought about such behavior? In the world of a suicide bomber, he/she contemplates on various input or stimuli from the world he/she evolves in. There are frustrations of every form and even without these, his/her psyche or mental state functions on the basis of anything he/she receives (actively or passively) from the milieu. Life’s problems are numerous and as long as one is alive and kicking he will always be faced with problems, be they big or small. Such problems stir-up one’s emotions or feelings which maybe pleasant or unpleasant. Physiological problems, environmental problems, personal deficiencies and psychological concerns bring on a variety of responses; some predictable, others are not. Disorganization of family life, disintegration of personality brought about by depression, great personal suffering, any of these may take any person beyond the limits of his tolerance. Man is born in a social environment surrounded by cultural norms and values. He is faced with cultural taboos and acceptable social behavior. Numerous environmental factors come to the fore which may or may not be easily overcome. One of the most difficult problems in this area is one’s cultural dos and don’ts. Environmental frustrations cannot be avoided, for there are always certain factors in a person’s growth and achievement. Psychological or internal problems are the most difficult to resolve as they are within the inner feelings of a person. One may not be able to detect his/her concerns/anxieties through his /her overt behavior. It may only be inferred from what his/her inner thoughts and feelings are but will not know what caused such a feeling. Psychological concerns of various forms represent a more serious threat to the personality of the individual than do environmental pressures. If severe enough, they may create considerable emotional tension with accompanying behavior disorders. Reacting to pressures and other concerns such as frustration varies from person to person because of their personality differences. These reactions maybe defensive, neurotic or psychotic. Most people are sympathetic to people who develop physical ailments, but regard an individual with mental disorder as â€Å"crazy.† At this juncture, does a suicide bomber then be considered a person with a mental disorder or deemed as â€Å"crazy?† definitions of mental health vary considerably. Freud when asked what he thought a normal, healthy person should do well replied â€Å"love and work.† Karl Menninger’s (1956) definition is quite similar to Freud’s. He states: â€Å"Let us define mental health as the adjustment of human beings to the world and each other with a maximum of effectiveness and happiness. Not just efficiency, or just contentment, or the grace of obeying the rules of the game cheerfully. It is all together. It is the ability to maintain an even temper and happy disposition. This, I think,   is a healthy mind.† When we therefore, try to define mental health, we have in mind the adjustment process which an individual brings into force when he is faced with a problem situation. Adjustment is defined as an individual’s manner of reacting or responding adequately to a perceived problem. From the standpoint of mental health, adjustment refers to a happy and socially acceptable response to life’s situations. Mental health therefore, is the ability of the individual to function effectively and happily as a person in one’s expected role in a group and in the society in general. It is a condition of the whole personality and is not merely a condition of the â€Å"mind† as is often supposed. It is an out-growth of one’s total life and is promoted or hindered by day-to-day experience, not only by major crises as some assume (McCllelland et al, 1973). Mental health is the capacity to live harmoniously in a changing environment; to face and solve one’s problems in a realistic manner; to accept the inevitable, and to understand and accept one’s own shortcomings as well as the shortcomings of others. In this sense, people who develop and encourage Jihad or any â€Å"terroristic† ideas and brainwash others to do the same, are seen people who do have unrealistic way of looking at life and their experiences. They are commonly classified as people having delusions of grandeur among others. This term refers to people who experience a bloated sense of importance or missions and oftentimes associated with corresponding persecution complexes (Jourad, 1963). They therefore harbor also a sense of anxiety that some people are out there to cut off their goals and obstruct their missions. Their resolve to deliver their target aims is even stronger the reason for their methodical and systematic way of doing things. Since they cannot accept that they must co-exist with people whose beliefs radically differ from theirs, they accept the notion that annihilation is a solution and dying a martyr’s death to ensure this goal is the ultimate sacrifice. This kind of mindset comes only from a frame of thinking that has been exposed only to a few options; in fact, only very narrow options. That option is the radical Islamic alternative and nothing else. When living in this world, co-existence is not just something that is talked about inside the halls of the academe: co-existence signifies a mindset that is healthy as well and free from disorders. Mental health is a matter of degree. There is no hard and fast line that separates health from illness. It is not a simple matter to divide the population into two distinct groups-those who should be institutionalized and those who should not be. Many of us at one time or another exhibit traits and pattern of behavior which if, accentuated and continuous, would necessitate psychiatric care (Jourad, 1963). Though radical a thought this may seem, and naturally sounds unrealistic, the ideal place is to set monitoring and evaluation of mental hygiene at some point in time. How to do this is going to be a big issue, expectedly. However, terrorism and the likes of suicide bombing can probably be controlled in some ironic way: by referring to them as idiosyncratic, delusional or even possessing mental disorders. Another way of classifying them is through the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM) classification system; these people are versions of psychopaths or psychotics; because the symptoms are there and they cannot function normally among any general population. ~Towards developing a Strategy or Intervention Since the argument of this paper stands on looking at the acts of a suicide bomber as acts emanating from someone with mental illness, it follows that approaches to its reduction or elimination be provided or examined as well. There are three ways of looking at developing and establishing a strategy or intervention: the preventive, therapeutic, and the curative Kolb et al, 1974). There are subtleties that engulf these three but it is good to explore these dimensions. The preventive approach is based on the principles that the best way to ensure a well-adjusted individual is to surround him with environmental influences that will enable him to develop his full potentialities, to obtain emotional stability, and achieve personal and social adequacy. The therapeutic aspect is concerned with the attempt to correct minor behavioral adjustments through the various counseling and techniques of psychotherapy, or adjust to the social/or physical environment of the person in order to help him obtain the amount of emotional security and self-confidence necessary. The curative approach is sometimes called â€Å"preventive psychiatry† and is concerned with the detection and correction of serious but curative but behavioral maladjustments. Although this is the work of a trained clinician or psychiatrist, it is helpful for the layman to have at least a fundamental knowledge of the major types of behavioral maladjustments in order that he/she may have a basis in determining behavioral maladjustments that need the attention of competent specialists. It is therefore necessary, on a serious note, that public awareness on the nature of mental illness on a scope such as that of the course taken by the suicide bombers, coupled with detection of signs and symptoms by neighboring homes and those in the community, help diminish the threat. There are of course other paths or strategies to follow, but why not take all that is available to ensure our security (Kolb et al, 1974). References: 1. CNN, Breaking News, October 18, 2007. www.cnn.com 2. Gibbs, Nancy. 1995. â€Å"EQ Factor† Time International, October. 3. Gordon, Harvey, Mike Kingham, Tony Goodwin. Air travel by passengers with mental disorder. Psychiatric Bulletin (2004) 28:295-297. The Royal College of Psychiatrists. 4. Jourad, Sydney, 1963. Personal Adjustment. 2nd Ed. New York: MacMillan Company. 5. Kolb, David Ralph K. Schwitzgebel. 1974. Changing Human Behavior: Principles of Planned Intervention. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 6. McCllelland, David C. R.S. Steele. 1973. Human Motivation: A Book of Readings. Morristown, New Jersey, General Learning Press. 7. Menninger, Karl in Taylor, David, 2003. The concept of mental health in children. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry. Steinkopff. Volume 12, Number 3. Pp.107-113. 8. Miller, W. B. Zarcone, V. (1968) Psychiatric behaviour disorders at an international airport. Archives of Environmental Health, 17, 360 -365. 9. Silke, A. (2003). The psychology of suicide terrorism. In Terrorists, Victims and Society (ed. A. Silke), pp. 93 -108. Chichester: Wiley. 10. Tiffin, Joseph and Ernest McCormick J. 1958. Industrial psychology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide Against Enterococcus Faecalis

Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide Against Enterococcus Faecalis Title: An in-vitro comparison of endodontic medicaments Propolis and Calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis. Abstract: Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial properties of Propolis and Calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). Materials and Methods The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin). The various combinations were : Group1: Propolis, Group 2: calcium hydroxide, Group 3: Moxifloxacin, Group 4: Ciprofloxacin, Group 5: Propolis + Moxifloxacin, Group 6: Propolis + Ciprofloxacin, Group 7: Calcium hydroxide + Ciprofloxacin, Group 8: Calcium hydroxide + Moxifloxacin. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of Enterococcus faecalis at different time intervals i.e. 24hr, 48hr and 72hr. Results Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in Group V (21.94Â ±4.26) followed by Group VI (18.80Â ±1.93), Group I (18.71Â ±4.26), Group VIII (15.88Â ±2.59), Group III (14.91Â ±1.00), Group VII (14.57Â ±2.17), Group IV (13.91Â ±1.00) and minimum in Group II (12.89Â ±2.14). Mean zone of inhibition were found to be maximum at 72 hr and minimum at 24 hr. At all time intervals, the combination of Propalis with Moxiflocacin showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that Propolis and Calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against E. Faecalis. Propolis in combination with antibiotics and alone is more effective than calcium hydroxide. Clinical significance: Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intra canal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide. Key words: Calcium Hydroxide, Ciprofloxacin, E. fecalis, Intra canal medicaments, Laboratory research, Moxifloxacin, Propolis. Introduction: For successful endodontic treatment, proper diagnosis, thorough chemo-mechanical preparation, and three dimensional obturation of root canal space are paramount. Regardless of these treatment protocols, bacteria can still persist in the complex anatomy of root canal space, thus the ability of intra canal medicament to restrain or eliminate residual bacteria and prevent re-infection may play an increasingly important role in achieving and maintaining a higher success rate of root canal treatment.1 The most common species recovered in over one-third of the canals of root filled teeth with persisting periapical lesion is the Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). Enterococcus faecalis is a gram positive, facultative anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Medicaments are recommended to eliminate remaining microbes in the root canal, dentinal tubules, accessory canals, canal irregularities (such as fins, transverse anastomoses, apical deltas and other ramifications) and in the periapical/periodontal tissue to reduce periapical inflammation, encourage periapical healing, eliminate apical exudates, control inflammatory root resorption and avert contamination of the canal between appointment.2 Earlier strong intracanal antiseptics such as formacresol and camphorated parachlorophenol were used, but due to their detrimental effects on the connective tissue, their use is limited, now-a-days. The excellent biologic and antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide have made it the preferred choice for intracanal dressing of the infected roots canals.1 Calcium hydroxide has been added to several endodontic sealers to improve their biological properties and to augment their antibacterial activity. When used as an intracanal medicament, the most important property of calcium hydroxide is its strong antimicrobial activity. Its high pH alters the biological lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls of Gram-negative species, there by inactivating the membrane transport mechanisms.3 Propolis is a resinous product rich in flavanoid. It has been used as in a number of ways; an anticaries agent, for dentinal hypersensitivity as sealant, storage medium for avulsed tooth, for pulp capping. Propolis is ten times less cytotoxic than calcium hydroxide and has a distinguished antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, immunomodulatry, antioxidant effect. Recent studies have reported that propolis is more effective against resistant microorganisms and is biocompatible. In endodontic procedures antibiotics can be used as an important aide but their ineffectiveness through systemic route of administration has led to the intra canal application, in order to increase their efficacy.1 Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin are members of the quinolones. Among the drugs commonly used for endodontic infection, ciprofloxacin is indicated due to its efficient action against oral anaerobes, gram +ve aerobic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Sptreptococcus spp) and gram -ve enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp and Pseudomonas), which show MIC90 between 0.015 and 2 ÃŽ ¼g/mL respectively. All the species of streptococcus are sensitive to concentrations between 1.0 and 8.0 ÃŽ ¼g/mL; Other Streptococcal species like S. aureus and S. epidermidis are also sensitive to concentrations between 0.25 and 1.0 ÃŽ ¼g/mL.4,5 Ciprofloxacin has antimicrobial activity against most Gram-negative bacilli and cocci but limited activity against most Gram-positive organisms. Moxifloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone with expended spectrum of activity, including anaerobes and Gram positive organisms, especially the multi-resistant ones.3,6-10 Moxifloxacin has been found to be one of the most active antibiotics against E. faecalis with the lowest MIC50 and MIC90. From the previous literature it has been proved that ciprofloxacin to be more active other antibiotics.3,6,8,9,11 The usage of local antibiotics in endodontic treatment was advocated by Grossman in 1951. Since then numerous antibiotics have been used during endodontic treatment. The antibiotic combination has proved advantageous with the usage of triantibiotic paste.12 The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin). Materials and method: The study was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics and Department of Microbiology at Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, India. Propolis (Hi-Tech Natural product India Ltd), Calcium Hydroxide (Vishaldentocare), Moxifloxacin (Avelox), Ciprofloxacin (Ciplox-500) were used in this study. They were distributed in different groups as presented in table no 1. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of Enterococcus faecalis at different time intervals i.e. 24hr, 48hr and 72hr. Specific stain (ATCC 29212) of Enterococcus Faecalis was procured and grown on Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) under favorable temperature overnight and the growth was checked by changes in the turbidity at 24 hours. Blood Agar Media Plate was inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) by spreading the culture over the surface of the plate with a swab. Intermittent scraping of the culture was done at different sites to make wells for the placement of experimental intracanal medicament. The experimental groups were used in their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Enterocaccus faecalis (ATCC 29212). MIC of the various antibiotics used in this study was – Propalis 340 Â µg/mL, Calcium hydroxide 2500 Â µg/mL, Moxifloxacin 2 Â µg/mL and Ciprofloxacin 8 Â µg/mL .2,13 Propolis, Calcium hydroxide and antibiotics were used as a paste in which saline acted as a vehicle. Propolis and Calcium hydroxide were mixed separately with saline on a glass slab, with the help of cement spatula, to prepare the paste. For obtaining the antibiotic paste, tablets of Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin were crushed in mortar and pestle and then mixed with saline on glass slab with cement spatula. Plates were subjected to incubation at 30 Â °c for 24hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs (Figure 1) and the diameter of the zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters with HiAntimicrobial Inhibition Zone Scale tm C (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt Limited, Mumbai) (Figure 2). The observations were subjected to descriptive and inferential (ANOVA) statistical analysis. Results: Table 2 shows the mean zones of inhibition in different groups irrespective of time. Zones of inhibitions ranged from 10 mm (Group II) to 28 mm (Group VI). Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in Group V (21.94Â ±4.26) followed by Group VI (18.80Â ±1.93), Group I (18.71Â ±4.26),Group VIII (15.88Â ±2.59), Group III (14.91Â ±1.00), Group VII (14.57Â ±2.17), Group IV (13.91Â ±1.00) and minimum in Group II (12.89Â ±2.14). Table 3 shows the ANOVA applied in different groups. Statistically, intergroup differences were significant (p Group I ~ Group VI > Group VIII ~ Group III ~ Group VII ~ Group IV ~ Group II. Table 4 shows the mean zones of inhibition at different time intervals in different groups. Mean zone of inhibition were maximum at 72 hr and minimum at 24 hr, and the intergroup differences were significant. At all the time intervals, group V showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy. Discussion: Intracanal medicaments are used to eliminate remnant microbial flora after a thorough chemo-mechanical preparation of root canal and hasten the healing process. Propolis which is a very effective natural product and has been a part of popular medicine since thousands of years 14, 15. The color of Propolis is dark. Made from material collected from plants by bees, It is used against pathogenic microorganisms. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties it is effective against infection, rheumatism, muscular and articular diseases, and other types of inflammation.15-17 The chemical composition of propolis varies widely. Over 200 substances have been identified in the various varieties of propolis extracted from various geographical regions, which includes phenolic acids, esters, flavonoids, alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Special emphasis is given to the flavonoids and phenolic acids mainly responsible for its biological activity. Propolis exh ibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, that why it has been suggested as a root canal medicament.15,18,19 Calcium hydroxide, a white, odorless powder is one of the main stay of the root canal medicaments. It has a low solubility in water, insoluble in alcohol and a high pH. The extended clinical action of calcium hydroxide is well known. It is biocompatible, and has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action; it also activates the alkaline phosphatase enzyme, which in turn induces mineralized tissue formation and aid in the repair process. Chemically it is classified as a strong base, and when it is associated with a suitable vehicle produces an alkaline paste. Calcium hydroxide paste dissociates into calcium and the hydroxyl ions, the resulting environment will turn alkaline because of hydroxyl ions, due to this action it is a very good root canal dressing material. For the destruction of pathogenic bacteria of root canal and dentinal tubules , these hydroxyl ions should be capable to diffuse in dentin and persist in pulp tissues in a maximum concentration to produce the pH level requir ed 15,20. Moreover various other studies reported by Molander A. and Tirali et al found CaOH to have synergistic effect with other endodontic medicaments.21,22 Ciprofloxacin, a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis. In dentistry, it is used as a broad spectrum antimicrobial and is effective against gram negative bacteria (staphylococcus and pseudomonas). One of the important drugs of fourth-generation syntheticfluoroquinolone is Moxifloxacin. It has superior activity against Gram+ve bacteria and anaerobes as compared to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.Moxifloxacin is abroad-spectrum antibioticthat is active against bothGram-positiveandGram-negativebacteria. It inhibitsDNA gyrase, enzyme which inhibit cell replication by separating bacterial DNA 12. First and second generation fluoroquinolones selectively inhibit topoisomerase II ligase domain, which leaves the two nuclease domains intact. This particular modification, coupled with the stable action of the topoisomerase II within the cell of bacteria through nucleasic activity of the intact enzyme leads to DNA fragmentation. The further generations of fluoroquinolones i.e third and fourth acts selectively for topoisomerase IV ligase domain, which makes them more effective against gram positive coverage.12,23 Antimicrobial property of propolis is due to inhibition of bacterial DNA-dependant RNA polymerases. Synergism amid antibacterial agents and propolis has been observed by Madarova L in 1980. Grange JM and Davey RW found that there was synergism between antimicrobial drugs and propolis against S. aureus particularly those which interfere with bacterial protein synthesis.24-26 Noori Al-Wahi found propalis to have synergistic properties with honey.27 Although calcium hydroxide does not bond to dentin, it does have antibacterial property. Its mechanism of actions is through the ionic break down of Ca(+) and OH(-) ions and corresponding effects on vital tissues. Protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes are responsible for fatality of calcium hydroxide on bacterial cells .28 E fecalis appears to be highly resistant to the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide. Evans et al. reported that at pH of 11.1, E. faecalis was resistant to calcium hydroxide but unable to survive at higher pH. After intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide in radicular dentin, due to its buffering effect, the alkalinity may only reach a ph of 10.3. This one factor may be responsible to the resistance of E faecalis to Calcium hydroxide. The presence of proton pump in the cell wall of E faecalis, could be another reason for its resistance towards Calcium hydroxide.29 In the present study Propolis alone and with antibiotic was found to be more effective than calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide with antibiotics. Rezende Ceps R et al and Jahromi MZ et al have also found propolis to be more effective than CaOH. Propolis showed the synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin at all time intervals.13,30 In this study Propolis showed maximum efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis in combination with Moxifloxacin followed by Ciprofloxacin, which is similar to the results obtained by Krolet et al, Fernandis A et al, Ricardo Oliveria et al, Gheda Helaly et al, Kracko M et al and Stepanovic S et al who found propolis to have synergistic effect with various antibiotics.31-36 Calcium hydroxide also showed synergistic effect with antibiotic at all time intervals, which was maximum with Moxifloxacin followed by Ciprofloxacin at all time intervals. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that Propolis and Calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against E. Faecalis. Propolis in combination with antibiotics and alone is more effective than calcium hydroxide. The use of Moxifloxacin as an intracanal medicament should be seriously explored. In order to draw more definitive conclusions, a wider and more detailed study needs to be undertaken. Clinical significance: Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intracanal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide.

War in yemen Essay -- essays research papers

Yemen a great desert in the Arabic peninsula , located south to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and left to Oman , has also a shore : mainly on the Red Sea and on the Gulf of Aden. Yemen has some natural resources (oil) but unfortunately it is considered as the poorest Arabic country. Yemen is now The Republic of Yemen because of the reunification made on 22nd May 1990. Before that day Yemen was divided into two separate countries , the first known as the North Yemen Republic which was controlled by tribes so far the worst tribal system in the world , on the other side , the Yemen of the South known as the world’s worst communist regime. But in 1994 , a civil war turned the south and the north against each other. We are going to study this civil war in a chronological order , from where it started to where it ended.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Government of the North was chaired by Colonel Ali Abdullah Saleh , member of EL-AHMAR ,a part of the big tribe : Hached. He was especially interested for the well being of the petroleum and oil present in the north’s soil. Whereas for the South controlled by the communist Ali Salem El-Bide was trying to give the worst soviet image out of it’s self by introducing whatever is soviet-like to the life of everyday : weapons , aircrafts , boats , tanks †¦ When the reunification occurred , the republic of Yemen had to be ruled by one man, but because the citizens of the Ex-north Yemen where twice as much as those of the south , the president was chosen to be Ali Abdullah Saleh. And so the vice president became the leader of the Ex-south : A.S. El-Bide. And the president of the minister’s council was Abu Bakr Haydar El-Attas , who was well known for the liabilities he had in the past (of which : presid ent of the southern Yemen).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nevertheless reuniting two opposite things is difficult , it was even harder to reunite a communist and a tribal types of governments. And so in the years after the reunification , things were not going very well as the south wanted to keep it’s communist identity and ideology and the north wanted to keep it’s long going tribal system. From there started some fundamentalist movements each wanting what in the past was theirs. Two years were more than enough to distinguish betwe... ...ale , many north Yemeni pupils are open to the outside , for example Chicago counts a great number of Yemenis . The son of the north can adapt him self , and maybe loose his tribal attitude And maybe in some fifty years , all tribes would disappear leaving great and respectful family names. But those of the south , those who’s minds were brain washed by communism , are hardly seen to adapt their selves a liberalist/capitalist type of living, as south Yemen was the harshest communist regime ever known to man , everything was for the state , even truly-merchants were collectivized. The ex regime there applied communism even more than in the USSR under Staline. So far so good , The Republic of Yemen is still in one peace , but will it really stay this way ? would it still be united in 20 years ? I personally don’t think so , because It’s in communism nature to always try to mess things up and the south will never forget it’s communist entity and for sure will have many attempts to win back it’s Ex-south Yemen communist state. It’s been only 10 years since they united , and so it may not be enough. But the true answer to this question is yet to come, we’ll have to wait to find out .

Wild Geese by Oliver Essay -- Poetry Analysis

â€Å"Wild Geese† is very different from many poems written. Oliver’s personal life, the free form of the poem along with the first line, â€Å"You do not have to be good,† and the imagery of nature contributes to Oliver’s intent to convince the audience that to be part of the world, a person does not need to aspire to civilization’s standards. Oliver would write this poem because she did not conform to societies wishes. According to the Poetry Foundation, Oliver has never actually received a degree despite attending The Ohio State University and Vassar College. By not completing college, she had stepped out of the normal procedure of American life of growing up, going to college, then working. She also â€Å"met her long-time partner, Molly Malone Cook† while helping organize Edna St. Vincent Millay’s poetry. This choice is not a normal decision for people to make; however, she is still successful and has been presented many awards, including Honorary Doctorates (Beacon). Despite living the way she wants to, Oliver still manages to have success and happiness. Furthermore, Oliver clearly demonstrates the point that you do not have to follow society’s rules to be happy in her poem, â€Å"Wild Geese,† by using free form structure for a poem that does not rhyme. Many poems rhyme. By not rhyming or following a set structure, Oliver demonstrates that the poem does not need to follow the normal requirements for a poem to have meaning. The poem begins with a bold statement: â€Å"You do not have to be good.† The first line does not have a rhythm or pattern, which further demonstrates the further delineation from the status quo of poetry in this poem. The difference in structure between this poem and many others helps to set the poem and its message apart fro... ...ia work to support Oliver’s argument. Works Cited Beveridge, Alex. Personal Interview. 2 Sep. 2010. "Contributor Biography: Mary Oliver." Beacon Press: Independent Publisher of Serious Fiction and Non-Fiction. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. . Hayden, Robert. "Mary Oliver : The Poetry Foundation : Find Poems and Poets. Discover Poetry." The Poetry Foundation: Find Poems and Poets. Discover Poetry. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. . Oliver, Mary. â€Å"Wild Geese.† Literature. Ed. Kennedy, X.J. and Gioia, Dana. Longman, 2010. 861. Wild Geese (Original). 18 March 2010. Youtube. 2 Sep. 2010. . Wild Geese-- a poem by Mary Oliver. 1 May 2009. Youtube. 2 Sep. 2010. .

Comparing Machiavellis The Prince and Platos The Republic Essay

Comparing Machiavelli's The Prince and Plato's The Republic  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people in history have written about ideal rulers and states and how to maintain them.   Perhaps the most talked about and compared are Machiavelli's, The Prince and Plato's, The Republic.   Machiavelli lived at a time when Italy was suffering from its political destruction.   The Prince, was written to describe the ways by which a leader may gain and maintain power. In Plato?s The Republic, he unravels the definition of justice.   Plato believed that a ruler could not be wholly just unless one was in a society that was also just. His state and ruler was made up to better understand the meaning of justice.   It was not intended to be practiced like that of Machiavelli's. Machiavelli, acknowledging this, explains that it is his intention to write something that is true and real and useful to whoever might read it and not something imaginary,"?for many have pictured republics and principalities which in fact have never been known or seen?(Machiavelli 375)."à ‚   Therefore, because one ruler is realistic and the other imaginary, the characteristics of Machiavelli's ruler versus Plato's ruler are distinctly different.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Machiavelli?s model for his ideal prince was Cesare Borgia, also known as Duke Valentino and son of Pope Alexander VI.   He believed Cesare Borgia possessed all the qualities of a prince destined to rule and maintain power in his state. He believed that politics has a morality of its own.   There is no regard of justness or unjustness, of cruelty or   mercy, of   approval   or   humiliation, which  Ã‚   should  Ã‚   interfere  Ã‚   with   the   decision   of defending the state and preserving its freedom.   Therefore, the ruler/prince's single responsibilit... ...ddle with each other (Plato 99).? In The Prince, Machiavelli was addressing a monarchical ruler and offering advice designed to keep that ruler in power.   He felt that Cesare Borgia was model for the perfect prince. He was able to give actual examples of how princes during his time ruled and how they failed or succeeded in doing so.   Plato, in contrast was perhaps unrealistic. His ruler and state could only be used to   better understand the meaning of justice. It could never be practiced in real life because he neglects the fact that everyone sins and fails to mention this in his ideal ruler and state.  Ã‚      Works Cited 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T.  Ã‚   IH 51 Source Book: Plato,   The Republic, pp. 77-106 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nicole Machiavelli,   The Prince, pp. 359-386.   Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998.   

Regulation and deregulation of business logistics

It is important to distinguish these two types of state intervention, since the policy of deregulation aimed only at the economic aspects of the industry, while measures on traffic safety and protection of the public interest only increase. Let's see these questions in detail. Regulation of business life is one of the oldest forms of government regulation. Federal and state governments have actively used economic regulation to ensure the reliability of the transport system and to create conditions for economic development.More than 100 years the state intervention in the economy is aimed at to make transport services equally available to all users without exception in the U. S. Measures to strengthen competition between private transport companies are the basis of the regulatory policies. The government invested money in creating and improving infrastructure in building roads, airports, channels and ports. The state supported and regulated system of private commercial carriers for us ing these communication and actually providing transport services.Deregulation began in the sass, and in 1980, when the basic laws adopted deregulation, the situation has changed radically. In the sass and sass were tightened security measures in the transport and protection of the public interest with weakening economic regulation of transport. In 1966, it was created by the Ministry of Transport (Department of Transportation, DOT), and from the very beginning in the center of his attention were transportation and materials handling hazardous substances, limiting working time of drivers and reliable vehicles.In 1974, the Law on Transport Security (Transportation Safety Act). Were taken effect several laws on transport, significantly influenced the practice of logistics in the next 20 years. Movement for the protection of the environment caused further strengthen attention to transportation safety and liability for environmental harm. Regulation of entry into the industry. Such regu lation shall be subject to the rules of entry into the industry (market) and exit, as well as a list of markets that are allowed to serve a particular carrier.Restrictions aimed at reducing competition in major markets and maintaining an adequate level of logistic service to small. Transport rates. Transportation rates are the second object of economic regulation, in particular, their establishment, modification, tariff subsidies and actual tariff rates. There are efferent types of transport tariffs. There are legal procedures to change (increase or decrease) in transportation tariffs. The most industries, firms are free to change prices, and limits their only competitive pressures.Prior to deregulation, carriers had to prove the need for changes in tariffs to the Commission on interstate commerce. Carriers had to demonstrate that their costs have increased (or decreased) for justifying such a need to increase (or decrease) the price of the services. Temporary change of tariffs in r esponse to rising fuel prices in the form of allowances allowed he tariff rate. Carriers are getting the right to change rates within a certain range without any Justification annual (typically 7-15%) after deregulation. Tariff subsidies – are the practice of support (subsidies) one carrier routes through higher tariffs on others.That is considered that the high costs are associated with servicing small markets, subsidized by revenues from services to large markets where the level of costs are relatively lower. Strictly speaking, 42 states regulate transport on its territory, and only eight do not. There was have never been regulating the activities f public or contract carriers in Delaware and New Jersey. Nevertheless, in 1994 Congress passed and President signed a law abolishing the right of states to control the rates, routes, and composition of services provided by the carriers.While states retained the right to regulate the size and weight of vehicles, as well as transpo rtation routes of hazardous materials and the financial liability of carriers. In addition, Carriers retained the right of participation in the tariff committee. Costs of intrastate regulation and the difficulties in its abolition are quite significant. Postal impasses aspired to avoid regulation. But in response to these efforts of companies Federal Express and UPS power only some states have strengthened their positions. For example, several states attempt to subordinate Federal Express truck traffic on its territory in 1991. But in 1992 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that California has no right to regulate road transport operations airlines that have a federal license. Other cities and states have tried to limit transport at a certain time of day or the transportation of hazardous materials (Donald, 2008). All these things considered, we include that creating the conditions for free market competition, although from time to time there have been calls for stability to return to a m ore extensive regulation – primarily it concerns air transport and road transport with incomplete transit normally – is the main aim of the legal state regulation in the transport industry.

Good Marriage Essay

Jim went down to the kitchen where the smell of good food beckons him. He smiled to himself, pleased to note that his wife is cooking his favorite food. They’ve been together for twenty-five years, their kids are all grown up. Yet Ana hasn’t forgotten that he likes Thai cooking, slightly spicy and rich with seasoning. He saw his wife adding cut green pepper on the diced meat that is frying on the stove. Ana turned around and saw him standing in the doorway. She bade him sit down while she finishes her cooking. Instead of sitting down, Jim went to the cupboard to get plates and utensils for their meal. The couple has always find ways to please and help each other, a practice they have kept over the years. 2. A good marriage is characterized by husband and wife’s delight in a give and take relationship. There is mutual respect for each other. Husband and wife helps each other in decision-makings, the raising of children, and doing tasks. They both take care of each other and notes what are the likes and dislikes of each party. In a good marriage, the man and wife are both happy in their decision to be with each other for the rest of their lives. That commitment is reaffirmed time and again despite difficulties and trials. In a good marriage, there is laughter and conversation. Both husband and wife will always find things to talk about, and have the time to listen to each other. 3. Looking at Jim and Ana’s lives, their twenty-five years of marriage has not always been a bed of roses. Ana is scrupulously neat, while Jim is a little scatter-brained. Ana keeps a list of things that needs to be done and does them in an organized and timely manner. She likes getting an early start, eating breakfast and finishing work ahead of time. Jim has a tendency to oversleep in the morning, getting up really late on weekends, and spending half of the day sleeping during 2 vacations. He hates putting anything on his stomach before eleven in the morning and likes to work late at night. Ana would sometimes find Jim deeply asleep after she had her bath and breakfast on a day when they’re supposed to go to the dentist. At a time when Ana likes to get an early start, while Jim wasn’t complying, she’d often get bad-tempered and a little quarrel would ensue. These little quarrels didn’t get out of hand because both of them are capable of stepping back and releasing anger. More importantly, Jim and Ana avoid bringing up past issues during arguments. They stick to what’s at hand and settle them without resorting to foul language and by properly expressing their sentiments and criticisms in a constructive manner. 4. A good marriage is not just about seeing the good side of a person. It’s about knowing his or her little habits that may or may not turn out to be annoying. Each party has to accept the totality of the other person and learn to adjust and adapt. In a good marriage, the couple must not try to change each other. Instead, they must try to meet in the middle and compromise. In a good marriage, the couple don’t start running away when things become a little complicated and difficult. 5. A good marriage, simply defined, is comprised of the good and bad things. There are times to laugh, to talk, to argue, and to make up. It is characterized by a lasting friendship where trust and responsibility go hand and hand. Meeting halfway and speaking up are necessary elements to make the relationship endure. Both parties must work hard and stick it out with one another through thick and thin. Husband and wife must selflessly think of each other’s welfare particularly when there are major issues to face and settle. It’s very important to do things together and to go away on vacations to recapture the moments when you both fall in love with each other.

Is College Worth It? Essay

I think we all can agree that getting an education is a vital process that is crucial for being successful in our society, but does getting a college education guarantee one’s success? I know, with the cost of a college degree rising 1,120% within the past 30 years, many of us do not want to wait and find out ourselves. Although getting a college education may not guarantee one’s success in the job market, one thing that comes with a college education is almost certain; thousands of dollars in debt. 2 out of every 5 loan borrowers are delinquent at some point within the first 5 years of repayment according to the Institute for Higher Education Policy. This shows that almost 50% of people who take out loans are having some sort of trouble repaying it. With an accumulative amount of 1. 2 trillion dollars in debt that students get themselves into a year, I am not surprised. This brings up the question: Is College worth it? A College education is an investment all on its own, but will your investment pay off? â€Å"The question is whether or not you will get your return on the investment in actual financial capital or human capital or emotional capital or social capital†, according to Professor Boyce Watkins of Syracuse University (Coleman Korva). Getting a college education does not guarantee you any financial success by any means. In the 2011-12 academic year, the average net cost for a full-time student at an in-state public university was about $15,000 for tuition, fees, room, board, books and incidental expenses, according to the College Board (Clark Kim), and an out of state college is nearly three time that amount. At the same time, only 27 percent of college grads have a job related to their major right out of college (Plumer Brad). Even though only 27 percent of college grads got a job related to their major right out of college, 62 percent of U. S. college graduates had a job that required a college degree right out of college (Plumer Brad). That is a better number, but there is still 38 percent that either doesn’t have a job, or has a job that doesn’t require a degree. I don’t know about you, but I don’t want to end up flipping burgers when I’m done with college. Part of making College a worthwhile investment is picking the right major. The right major can lead to a whole lot of available jobs. I know that we all have different dreams and want to pursue them, but we got to face the facts; some majors aren’t doing so hot right now in the job market. Based on high initial unemployment rates and low initial median earnings of full-time, full-year workers, artistic majors are horrible right now. Recent college graduates of from ages 22 to 26 can expect an unemployment rate of 10. 5 percent, well above the national average (Goudreau Jenna). Those who do manage to snag a job are met with only a median salary of just $28,000. Due to a high unemployment rate and low median salary, most art majors will not be getting much in return for attending college. That is just one of many majors that aren’t doing well too. Other majors that aren’t worth the investment include Sociology, Psychology and Nutrition. Engineering on the other hand is one hot ticket right now in the job market. The top major for achieving a high salary is engineering (Still Daniel). Out of all the engineering majors, petroleum engineering tops out with a salary of $90,000 right out of college. Aerospace engineering, chemical engineering, and electrical engineering are not too far behind either. Engineering in General seems to be the way to go if you want your investment to pay off. Other worthwhile majors include Computers, Mathematics, and Pharmaceutical sciences. These majors are what makes going to college a worthwhile investment. The current job market is looking for jobs relating to these majors. Even though a job isn’t guaranteed after college, it would still be a good investment. Now we all know that college is a good investment if you make it be, but is there really a difference between someone who has a college education and someone who has a high school education or lower? â€Å"It’s a tough job market for college graduates, but far worse for those without a college education,† says Anthony P. Carnevale co-author of the study conducted at Georgetown University’s Center of Education and the Work Force. During the Great Recession in 2007, Millions of jobs vanished from the job market, but students with bachelors degrees who had jobs did not decline (International Business, Times). At the same time, the 55 percent of high school graduates who did have jobs even before the recession, fell to 47 percent after it (Perez-Pena Richard). As if people without a college education didn’t have it hard enough already. Now the amount of jobs that require a college education is on the rise, while people without a college education are being left in the dust. On average, people with a college education make much more than someone with a high school diploma too. The average income of a high school graduate is around $28,700. Compared to the average income of someone with a bachelor’s degree being $53,800. In a lifetime, someone with a high school education, on average, would accumulate $940,000 dollars of income while someone with a bachelor’s degree makes almost twice that amount at $1. 8 million dollars. This is because employers generally think that people with a college education are smarter than one with a high school education. Making the ones with a college education more prone to learning new skills a job requires. This is why you see a lot of high school graduates and people who never went to any school working at fast food restaurants. The job market is a really important factor when considering if college is worth it, but one has to consider the amount of debt one will accumulate afterwards. With nearly 20 million Americans attending college each year, (Chronicle of Higher Education) two-thirds of them end up graduating with some sort of debt (Denhart Chris). How much debt you may ask? The amount of debt that college students have accumulated by the time they graduate exceeds the 1. 2 trillion dollar mark (Denhart Chris). This makes student loans the second highest form of consumer debt, behind mortgage loans. This can really discourage someone from going to college. It can especially discourage someone from going back to college after dropping out because, most likely, the individual would be in some sort of debt already. Also, one does not want to go to college just to be in debt afterwards with no steady source of income. Attending college is becoming more and more vital with each passing year. A lot more jobs are beginning to look for more people with a college education. The question one needs to ask themselves though would be, â€Å"Is College worth it? † Without a doubt college is expensive. The majority of college graduates end up going into some sort of debt when they graduate. It is up to the student that is attending college though to determine if it is worth it for them or not. They need to ask themselves, â€Å"Will I be making my money back. † It is up to them to choose a major that is doing really well in the current job market. I know we all have different interests and goals, but if one wants a higher chance of being successful they would choose a major that is doing well. They also need to consider the fact that it is getting harder and harder to get a good job that doesn’t require a college education. People with a college education generally make much more too. I’m sure nobody wants to be working at their local McDonalds after they spent so much money going to four years of college. So invest in college, pick a good major, and get a good education because soon a college education will be in high demand and you will be on the top of the list. Work Cited Clark, Kim. â€Å"How Much Does College Actually Cost? † CNNMoney. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. Features, Forbes Special. â€Å"How The $1. 2 Trillion College Debt Crisis Is Crippling Students, Parents And The Economy. † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 07 Aug. 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Goudreau, Jenna. â€Å"The 10 Worst College Majors. † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. International Business, Times. â€Å"6 Charts On Why College Is Worth Its Cost. † International Business Times 17 Aug. 2012: Regional Business News. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Kittle, Cameron. â€Å"Degrees of debt: UNH grad says college degree was worth it, but debt burden looms large. † Telegraph, The (Nashua, NH) 14 Aug. 2012: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. KORVA, COLEMAN. â€Å"Is A College Education Worth The Debt?. † Tell Me More (NPR) (n. d. ): Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. PEREZ-PENA, RICHARD. â€Å"Benefits of College Degree in Recession Are Outlined. † NY Times. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. Web. Plumer, Brad. â€Å"Only 27 Percent of College Grads Have a Job Related to Their Major. † WonkBlog. N. p. , n. d. Web. Weissman, Jordan. â€Å"How Bad Is the Job Market For College Grads? Your Definitive Guide. † The Atlantic. N. p. , 4 Apr. 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.

How I Spent My Holiday

How you spent your last holiday During my last school holidays, I spent a few days at my cousin’s house at Morib, a well-known sea resort. I shall never forget that visit. On the day I arrived at Morib, my cousin told me that he would do to make my stay there a very interesting one. He said that he would make a raft to use it in the sea. Then he would buy fishing net to catch some fish in the shallow water near the coast. When I heard all this, I was very delighted because it was one of the reasons that I had decided to visit my cousin.We then walked up to the beach which is near his house. While we were there, sometime in the evening, the sea looked extremely beautiful. I saw the islands and hills in the distance, the birds in the air, and a few boys and girls playing on the beach. I also saw some fishermen coming out of the water with their catch. All this was indeed very interesting to look at. On the next day, my cousin and I collected some tree trunks from the forest near by. As my cousin’s house is close to the sea, we decided to make the raft on the beach itself.It took us almost the whole morning to make the raft. We then had our lunch and went to Banting, the nearest town, to buy fishing net. After that we returned to my cousin’s house. In the evening we put the raft on the sea. The water was still high, but the raft floated quite well. My cousin and I sat on it and began to row it by using the oars that we had made ourselves. We felt very happy indeed and continued to row it. We remained on it for a long time, but as it was already getting dark we did not go far.We returned to the shore and tied the raft to a tree. On the next day, we went out to catch some crabs and fish. We used the net that we had bought and caught a lot of fish. Then, we had our lunch and went out again on the raft. We continued to row it as far as we could. It was really a pleasure to be away from the shore. The sea was calm and we could row with ease. My cous in told me many interesting things about Morib. We then returned to the shore. In this way, I spent my holidays happily at Morib, a place I shall never forget.

The American Mideast Leadership Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The American Mideast Leadership Network - Essay Example George W. Bush, in his second inaugural address, stressed that "it is the policy of the United States to seek and support the growth of democratic movements and institutions in every nation and culture, with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world" (qtd. in Lowenkron, 2006: np). While these policies may sound familiar, almost boilerplate in some respects, it is the increasing interest in and overt support of many non-governmental organizations that merits attention. For instance, in his remarks to the American Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Barry F. Lowenkron, the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, stated, regarding President Bush's desire to end tyranny in the world, that "The work of NGOs is crucial to reaching that goal" (Lowenkron, 2006: np). It is this nuance, the interposition of non-governmental organizations, that indicates a growing trend in international relations. ... s; for example, they report and publicize facts otherwise not known about civil societies, they lobby and protest, and they sponsor educational conferences and debates. Non-governmental organizations deal with health issues, environmental concerns, education, humanitarian relief operations, and the protection of fundamental rights and liberties. They are, in short, free of many of the constraints faced by state actors and increasingly well-funded and supported. This trend, from a western perspective, has been emphasized by one leading scholar in the field: NGOs in this context appear as missionaries of the good word about the marriage of convenience between the free market and democratic elections, and the virtues of social democratic action in the spaces available within the power structure as opposed to direct action against it. In this context, the NGOs are enlisted by official development agencies (ODAs) and governments as partners in the process of "sustainable human development" and "good [democratic] governance"-as watchdogs of state deviancy, as interlocutors and participants in the formulation of public policy, and guarantors of its transparency to inhibit or prevent corruption and rentierism (Veltmeyer, 2005: 90). In the final analysis, non-governmental organizations are increasingly thought to be able to accomplish goals traditionally associated with more traditional state and multinational actors. One example of a non-governmental organization doing such work is the American Mideast Leadership Network. American Mideast Leadership Network Incorporated as a section 501(c)(3) non-profit organization under the Internal Revenue Code, the American Mideast Leadership Network is dedicated to the creation of educational and cultural exchanges (American

Michael Porter's Five Forces Framework Research Paper

Michael Porter's Five Forces Framework - Research Paper Example KFC is has 44% of the total fast food market share in Malaysia and is the leading company. On the other hand, McDonald’s has 18% of the fast food market share and Burger King, Wendy’s, and other local companies take 18% of the market share. There are more than 365 fast food companies in Malaysia. The companies have opened many branches across the main cities. The availability of many companies in the market markets the competitiveness in the industry very stiff. Stiff competitiveness is very unhealthy for the new entrants in the markets as well as for the existing firms (Wilk, 2006). Highly time-constrained lifestyles in Malaysian have led to the food industry growth with many people having limited dining time. This has led to many eastern fast food companies from Dubai, China and Japan considering venturing into the industry. Many firms are entering the market because Malaysian has managed recovered from the meltdown of global financial market and its economy is performing well. The government policies are very good for the investors. Malaysia has also cultivated good relationship with other eastern countries such as China and Japan creating more trade between the two countries. This creates a threat for new entrants to the existing companies (Jargon, 2012). New entrants in the Malaysian Market have eaten away the share of some companies market share, for example, the market share of McDonalds was 20% in the year 2011 while in the year 2013 it reduced to 18%. On top of the first food companies that are many local hotels and food companies which act as substitutes to fast food. The demand for a fast food is increasing at 3.9% annually making the customers bargain to be very low (Jargon, 2012). The suppliers are facing high demand for their products increasing their bargain, which is a disadvantage to the fast food companies. In overall, the Malaysian food industry is very

Argument for Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argument for Euthanasia - Essay Example Sometimes euthanasia refers to assisted suicide owing to the fact that a physician has to be involved in the act. I seek to defend the rule and existence of euthanasia in the contemporary society with much consideration of the impact that pain results to individuals. It is true that euthanasia relieves a patient from suffering prolonged pain especially due to diseases that are not easily treated. Euthanasia should be endorsed at all costs because it leads to easy death without necessarily letting an individual patient undergo long-term suffering occasioned by terminal disease. The proponents of euthanasia in the views of Soifer claim that the values of life encompass self- determination, which allows individuals, make proper decision in accordance with how they perceive good life (13). Individual patients have the rights of accepting to be under life sustaining technology or left to die. One is supposed to decide by oneself the nature of death he/she deems better as a way of alleviat ing suffering. In addition, ethics allow the family of the patient to call for euthanasia when it realizes that the victim may survive even after receiving series of treatment (Soifer 12). This may be viable especially in the conditions where the patient has become burden to the family in terms of medical care bills while posing no signs of improvement. The two modalities of assisted euthanasia should be applied depending on the circumstance that requires provision of assisted death to an ailing patient. The families of the patients suffering from terminal pains should always be allowed to opt for passive involuntary euthanasia to be carried on the patient. Considering the fact the family members of the patient are the ones who cater for medical of the patient, they should always be allowed to make decisions for doctors to overdose the patients or disconnect the patient from the sustaining machines. Practicing euthanasia on persons perceived to have little or no probability of survi ving should be approved for the act save governments and individual intimates of the patient some amount of money and revenue that can otherwise be enhanced in developing other sectors if economy. Endorsing euthanasia will mean increased death rates in an economy, which may lead balanced distribution of resources in an economy thereby stabilizing and strengthening the specific economy. Active voluntary euthanasia proclaimed by the individual patient under proper mental consciences. Active euthanasia bears great elements of self-rights and self-decision concerning the manner in which an individual plan to conduct his/ her life. In addition, every individual has expanse right to die and should not be deterred from deciding death if his/her decision to die does not pose negative effects to other people. It is explicitly wrong to let an ailing patient continue to suffer over a disease that has no possible cure at the time that he/she has expressed willingness to die. With the growing po pulation of ill people across the world to an extent that there arises immense shortage of health facilities, endorsing euthanasia will assist in evacuating the congested health facilities. When the terminally sick individuals continue to occupy beds and space, other patients who only suffer from curable diseases may lack and miss health facilities. I also stand to support the legislations formulated in Netherlands that supports practicing of voluntary euthana

Planning Function of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Planning Function of Management - Essay Example The overall focus of planning process however based upon establishing a company which can be market leader in the long distance calls market niche. Apart from this, planning function was a top down approach wherein higher management was mostly responsible for all the management planning function at the organization. Plan came from the top and lower level management actually followed the plans without actually providing effective feedback to the higher management. This aspect of planning therefore made it relatively rigid to adapt itself to the different external scenarios wherein top management actually failed to realize overall market movements. It is also important to note that there was a lack of alternative plans for the organization to deal with any contingency. When the overall crisis hit the organization, there was generally lack of alternative plans available to deal with the contingency. Lack of effective plans to deal with the contingencies suggested that the firm was unable to defend itself against any bankruptcy proceedings and the only way out for the firm was to file for bankruptcy. Influence of Issues Considering the overall nature of the fraud committed by WorldCom, it is relatively obvious that the firm had not been influenced by the legal as well as ethical issues. It also failed to follow the corporate social responsibility codes and procedures also while reporting its overall financial state of the affairs.

Whether it should be legalized to genetically choose the feature of Research Paper - 1

Whether it should be legalized to genetically choose the feature of your own child - Research Paper Example Human rights advocates have also stepped in saying that it is unlawful for the initial genetic structure and composition of a child to be altered or interfered with in any way. Lastly, religious leaders have also come up strongly against genetic intervention basing their arguments on various religious books. Educated and experienced researchers have gone further to compile literary articles that have been used in research fields by students who have shown upending a solution to the above question interests in learning and finding the solution to the above question. This research question is very crucial as it forms the basis of comprehension and cogent reasoning of various intellects to come up with a rational conclusion. Human genetics has always raised fundamental questions across a wide range or variety of disciplines. Due to this, there has been a continuous infusion of capital, talent, and time in a bid to come up with certain important characteristics of human genetic composition. Over the past two decades, researches in various matriculation institutions, government based organizations and at individual level have been in progress with an aim of coming up with or targeting the same goal. As understood, research is not always perfect, these researchers and organizations have always centered their research on the original theses by other researchers. For instance, most of the researches that have been done in this field have been based on the findings of the Dutch Monk, Gregory Mendel’s Genetic Determinism, for instance, the law of inheritance (Edelson 28). An example of a nation that has taken the matter to a greater height compared to other countries is the US. Research reveals that its government has invested approximately $3 billion over the past one and a half decade in the Human Genome project. This project is aimed at decoding or comprehending the language of human genes. Its final aim is to come up with identification of the genetic components of